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In Welsh culture, an eisteddfod [a] is an institution and festival with several ranked competitions, including in poetry and music. [2]: xvi The term eisteddfod, which is formed from the Welsh morphemes: eistedd, meaning 'sit', and fod, meaning 'be', [3] means, according to Hywel Teifi Edwards, "sitting-together."
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. [ 1 ]
The Welsh motto of the International Eisteddfod, "Byd gwyn fydd byd a gano. Gwaraidd fydd ei gerddi fo", was composed by the poet T. Gwynn Jones in 1946, a few months after the eisteddfod was established. It has appeared on the Eisteddfod trophies, artwork and various artefacts of the eisteddfod for 75 years. [3]
The Urdd National Eisteddfod (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Urdd Gobaith Cymru or Eisteddfod Genedlaethol yr Urdd) is an annual Welsh-language youth festival of literature, music and performing arts organised by Urdd Gobaith Cymru. It is the youth counterpart to the National Eisteddfod of Wales.
The custom of chairing the bard is, however, much older than the modern eisteddfod ceremony, and is known to have taken place as early as 1176. [2] The chairing ceremony of the 1958 National Eisteddfod; the victorious poet was T. Llew Jones [3] The chair posthumously awarded to Taliesin o Eifion at the Wrexham Eisteddfod in 1876 [4]
The Jersey Eisteddfod is a cultural festival and competition in Jersey.. It was founded in 1908 by former Dean of Jersey Samuel Falle, who saw its competitive classes as a means by which the speech, presentation, and musical standards of his fellow islanders might be improved.
Maes of the National Eisteddfod from early years divided into different fields and Maes B began as the alternative field purely for young people. Since 1997 Maes B is a regular music event (and venue) at the National Eisteddfod of Wales, featuring a line-up of contemporary Welsh language rock and pop musicians. [5]
The Sydney Eisteddfod is an annual musical competition, supported by professionals in arts and education. The event featues categories for singers, dancers, actors, musicians, choirs, bands and orchestras, along with creative categories for composers, writers and poets.