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Throughout the 20th Century, racial discrimination was deliberate and intentional. Today, racial segregation and division result from policies and institutions that are no longer explicitly designed to discriminate. Yet the outcomes of those policies and beliefs have negative, racial impacts, namely with segregation. [160]
Runyon v. McCrary, 427 U.S. 160 (1976), was a landmark case by the United States Supreme Court, which ruled that private schools that discriminate on the basis of race or establish racial segregation are in violation of federal law. [1]
When at the end of the 19th century American legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against blacks, these statutes became known as the Jim Crow laws. [3] The museum demonstrates how racist ideas and anti-black images were pervasive within American culture.
This law allowed the segregation of races in all municipal, parish, and state prisons. 1921: Education This law called for separate public schools for the education of white and black children between the ages of six and eighteen. 1921: Housing This prohibited African American and white families from living in the same home. 1928: Education
After the American Civil War ended, the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits slavery (except as punishment for crime), was passed in 1865. In the mid-20th century, the civil rights movement occurred, and legalized racial segregation and discrimination was thus outlawed.
An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. New York: Harper and Row, 1944. Newby, I.A. Jim Crow's Defense: Anti-Negro Thought in America, 1900–1930. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1965. Oshinsky, David M. (1996). Worse than Slavery: Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice. New York: Free Press.
Major figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks [14] were involved in the fight against the race-based discrimination of the Civil Rights Movement. . Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her bus seat in 1955 sparked the Montgomery bus boycott—a large movement in Montgomery, Alabama, that was an integral period at the beginning of the Civil Rights Moveme
They were faced with "massive resistance" in the South by proponents of racial segregation and voter suppression. In defiance, African-American activists adopted a combined strategy of direct action, nonviolence, nonviolent resistance, and many events described as civil disobedience, giving rise to the civil rights movement of 1954 to 1968.