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Loop unrolling, also known as loop unwinding, is a loop transformation technique that attempts to optimize a program's execution speed at the expense of its binary size, which is an approach known as space–time tradeoff. The transformation can be undertaken manually by the programmer or by an optimizing compiler.
Off-by-one errors are common in using the C library because it is not consistent with respect to whether one needs to subtract 1 byte – functions like fgets() and strncpy will never write past the length given them (fgets() subtracts 1 itself, and only retrieves (length − 1) bytes), whereas others, like strncat will write past the length given them.
Codeforces (Russian: Коудфорсес) is a website that hosts competitive programming contests. [1] It is maintained by a group of competitive programmers from ITMO University led by Mikhail Mirzayanov. [ 2 ]
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The problem is that the loop terminating condition (x != 1.1) tests for exact equality of two floating point values, and the way floating point values are represented in many computers will make this test fail, because they cannot represent the value 0.1 exactly, thus introducing rounding errors on each increment (cf. box).
In a "fixes that fail" scenario the encounter of a problem is faced by a corrective action or fix that seems to solve the issue. However, this action leads to some unforeseen consequences. They form then a feedback loop that either worsens the original problem or creates a related one. [2] [3] Fig. 1: Causal loop diagram
The use of analytical methods to inspect and review source code to detect bugs or security issues has been a standard development practice in both open source and commercial software domains. [1]
A loop invariant can serve one of the following purposes: purely documentary; to be checked within in the code, e.g. by an assertion call; to be verified based on the Floyd–Hoare approach; For 1., a natural language comment (like // m equals the maximum value in a[0...i-1] in the above example) is sufficient.