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The G-quadruplex decoy strategy is another promising approach for targeting cancer cells by exploiting the unique structural features of the G-quadruplex. The strategy involves designing synthetic oligonucleotides that mimic the G-quadruplex structure and compete with the endogenous G-quadruplexes for binding to transcription factors.
The objective of cancer screening is to detect cancer before symptoms appear, involving various methods such as blood tests, urine tests, DNA tests, and medical imaging. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The purpose of screening is early cancer detection, to make the cancer easier to treat and extending life expectancy. [ 3 ]
In 1997, the National Cancer Institute published a set of recommendations called the Bethesda guidelines for the identification of individuals who should receive genetic testing for Lynch syndrome related tumors. [6] The NCI revisited and revised these criteria in 2004. [7] The Revised Bethesda Guidelines are as follows:
Real time PCR uses fluorophores in order to detect levels of gene expression.. Cells in all organisms regulate gene expression by turnover of gene transcripts (single stranded RNA): The amount of an expressed gene in a cell can be measured by the number of copies of an RNA transcript of that gene present in a sample.
Phred quality scores shown on a DNA sequence trace. A Phred quality score is a measure of the quality of the identification of the nucleobases generated by automated DNA sequencing. [1] [2] It was originally developed for the computer program Phred to help in the automation of DNA sequencing in the Human Genome Project.
[2] [3] The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of genomic DNA. [4] In this context, the standard genetic code is referred to as 'translation table 1' among other tables. [3] It can also be represented in a DNA codon table. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5 ′-to-3 ′ direction.
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a hereditary predisposition to colon cancer.. HNPCC includes (and was once synonymous with) [1] Lynch syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic condition that is associated with a high risk of colon cancer, endometrial cancer (second most common), ovary, stomach, small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, upper urinary tract, brain, and skin. [2]
To identify a novel and independent predictor of breast cancer recurrence, DNA microarray technology was used to interrogate all 25,000 genes in untreated tumor samples from women where follow-up categorized them as being disease free or having distant metastases within five years.