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All new types are defined in <inttypes.h> header (cinttypes header in C++) and also are available at <stdint.h> header (cstdint header in C++). The types can be grouped into the following categories: Exact-width integer types that are guaranteed to have the same number n of bits across all implementations. Included only if it is available in ...
Array, a sequence of elements of the same type stored contiguously in memory; Record (also called a structure or struct), a collection of fields . Product type (also called a tuple), a record in which the fields are not named
The total number of bits in a single bit field must not exceed the total number of bits in its declared type (this is allowed in C++ however, where the extra bits are used for padding). As a special exception to the usual C syntax rules, it is implementation-defined whether a bit field declared as type int , without specifying signed or ...
In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. [32] New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, const member functions, and protected members. In 1990, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published. This work became the basis for ...
[1] [2] All functions use floating-point numbers in one manner or another. Different C standards provide different, albeit backwards-compatible, sets of functions. Most of these functions are also available in the C++ standard library, though in different headers (the C headers are included as well, but only as a deprecated compatibility feature).
The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to use and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and functions for common tasks such as finding the square root of a number. The C++ Standard Library also ...
The following is an incomplete list of some arbitrary-precision arithmetic libraries for C++. GMP [1] [nb 1] MPFR [3] MPIR [4] TTMath [5] Arbitrary Precision Math C++ Package [6] Class Library for Numbers; Number Theory Library; Apfloat [7] C++ Big Integer Library [8] MAPM [9] ARPREC [10] InfInt [11] Universal Numbers [12] mp++ [13] num7 [14]
In another example, if Number, Rational, and Integer are types such that Number :> Rational and Number :> Integer (Rational and Integer as subtypes of a type Number that is a supertype of them), a function written to take a Number will work equally well when passed an Integer or Rational as when passed a Number.