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The mechanical systems of submarine periscopes typically use hydraulics and need to be quite sturdy to withstand the drag through water. The periscope chassis may also support a radio or radar antenna. Submarines traditionally had two periscopes; a navigation or observation periscope and a targeting, or commander's, periscope.
At depths below periscope depth submarines determine their position using: Dead reckoning course information obtained from the ship's gyrocompass , measured speed and estimates of local ocean currents, this could also be considered an estimated position as long as the ocean current is computed in.
Also, "periscope feather" (the wave created by the snorkel or periscope moving through the water) can be spotted in calm seas. During the early months of the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II, British ships using the radar set Model 271 were able to detect the periscope of a submerged submarine at a distance of 800 m (0.50 mi) during tests ...
Sail of the French nuclear submarine Casabianca showing the diving planes, camouflaged masts, periscope, electronic warfare masts, door and windows.. In naval parlance, the sail (American usage) or fin (British/Commonwealth usage) (also known as a fairwater) of a submarine is the tower-like structure found on the dorsal (topside) surface of submarines.
Submarines can be spotted from aircraft when they're operating at a shallow depth pretty much anywhere where the water is clear (which is why they generally stay bellow periscope depth) so this is isn't all that rare. Nick Dowling 03:10, 3 August 2008 (UTC) Support-- nicer image than the failed candidate, good encyc. value. Not a common photo ...
She came to periscope depth and saw the Japanese submarine, then less than 100 yards (91 m) away, was preparing to attack. Trigger submerged to 150 feet (50 m), expecting a torpedo at any minute, but sound heard no torpedo screws. She came up to periscope depth and saw the Japanese periscope so she decided to make an end around.
The hydroplanes and rudder were made of wood and trying to control them while tracking the depth gauge, compass and periscope made the craft hard to handle. [4] Adding to the pilot's difficulties, the craft lacked compensating and trimming tanks, making staying at periscope depth a near impossibility. [4]
A crash dive is a maneuver by a submarine in which the vessel submerges as quickly as possible to avoid attack. Crash diving from the surface to avoid attack has been largely rendered obsolete with the advent of nuclear-powered submarines, as they normally operate submerged. However, the crash dive is also a standard maneuver to avoid a collision.