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It is a long-acting [12] tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class. [11] It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is typically taken orally (swallowed by mouth) but is also used intravenously. [11] [13] Effects begin within one hour and last between eight and twelve hours in adults ...
Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. [15] It is used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. [15]
Chlordiazepoxide has a medium to long half-life, while its active metabolite has a very long half-life. The drug has amnesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hypnotic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. [4] Chlordiazepoxide was patented in 1958 and approved for medical use in 1960. [5]
Clobazam was first synthesized in 1966 and first published in 1969. Clobazam was originally marketed as an anxioselective anxiolytic since 1970, [4] [5] and an anticonvulsant since 1984. [6] The primary drug-development goal was to provide greater anxiolytic, anti-obsessive efficacy with fewer benzodiazepine-related side effects. [4]
A review of the literature found that long-term use of benzodiazepines, including triazolam, is associated with drug tolerance, drug dependence, rebound insomnia, and CNS-related adverse effects. Benzodiazepine hypnotics should be used at their lowest possible dose and for a short period of time.
Disulfiram is a medication used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (specifically the ALDH2 enzyme [3]), causing many of the effects of a hangover to be felt immediately following alcohol consumption.
A study in 2000 found that long-term benzodiazepine therapy does not result in brain abnormalities. [75] Withdrawal from high-dose use of nitrazepam anecdotally was alleged in 2001 to have caused severe shock of the whole brain with diffuse slow activity on EEG in one patient after 25 years of use. After withdrawal, abnormalities in hypofrontal ...
Etizolam powder. Pictured is roughly 150 mg; a standard dose is around 1 mg Etizex brand etizolam tablets. Etizolam (marketed under numerous brand names) is a thienodiazepine derivative [5] which is a benzodiazepine analog. [6]
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