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Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater, brackish water, and saltwater populations under controlled or semi-natural conditions and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. [2] Aquaculture is also a practice used for restoring and rehabilitating marine and freshwater ecosystems.
"The full-scale development of loko i‘a (fishponds) from mauka (the mountains) to makai (the ocean) dates back over half a millennium. Cultivation and propagation centered on many different fresh and salt-water plants and animals, with the primary species being the prized ‘ama‘ama and ‘awa . An inventory in the early 1900s found 360 ...
Since 2000, aquaculture has been the fastest growing food production sector, growing 5.8% per year, [6] supplying over 100 metric tonnes of fish, shellfish and seaweeds from 425 species in 2017. [3] [4] Global aquaculture production by country in million tonnes, 1950–2010, as reported by the FAO. Based on data sourced from the FishStat database.
The Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) handled government research until 1987, when the Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development (PCAMRD) was created. [59]: 7 Development of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) began at Central Luzon State University (CLSU) in 1988.
Aquaculture in China began before the 1st millennium BC with the farming of the common carp. These carp were grown in ponds on silk farms, and were fed silkworm nymphs and faeces. [16] Carp are native to China. They are good to eat, and they are easy to farm since they are prolific breeders, do not eat their young, and grow fast.
Significant historical upheavals, such as the fall of the Roman Empire and both the depopulation and economic regression that occurred during the medieval time period disrupted and undermined the practice. [6] A reemergence of aquaculture became noticeable during the industrialisation era. [5]
Since the 1970s, the reform policies have resulted considerable development of China's aquaculture, both marine and inland. The total used for aquaculture went from 2.86 million hectares in 1979 to 5.68 million hectares in 1996. Over the same time span, production increased from 1.23 million tonnes to 15.31 million tonnes. [16]
Seaweed, prawns, mussels, carp, tilapia, tuna and salmon are the most prominent forms of extensive aqua cultured seafood. Extensive aquaculture facilities have negative impacts on the environment as well. Natural habitats are destroyed in the development of man made ponds used for extensive aquaculture.