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Fish bone pierced in the upper esophagus. Right image without contrast medium, left image during swallowing with contrast medium. To obtain an image with any type of image detector the part of the patient to be X-rayed is placed between the X-ray source and the image receptor to produce a shadow of the internal structure of that particular part of the body.
An evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is a destructive chromatography detector, used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [1] ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), [2] purification liquid chromatography such as flash or preparative chromatography (using a splitter), countercurrent or ...
A microchannel plate (MCP) is used to detect single particles (electrons, ions and neutrons [1]) and photons (ultraviolet radiation and X-rays).It is closely related to an electron multiplier, as both intensify single particles or photons by the multiplication of electrons via secondary emission. [2]
An optical sensor converts light rays into electronic signals. It measures the physical quantity of light and then translates it into a form readable by an instrument. An optical sensor is generally part of a larger system that integrates a source of light, a measuring device, and the optical sensor. This is often connected to an electrical ...
Like other solid state X-ray detectors, silicon drift detectors measure the energy of an incoming photon by the amount of ionization it produces in the detector material. This varying ionization produces varying charge, which the detector electronics measure for each incoming photon. [ 1 ]
Engineers build hyperspectral sensors and processing systems for applications in astronomy, agriculture, molecular biology, biomedical imaging, geosciences, physics, and surveillance. Hyperspectral sensors look at objects using a vast portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Certain objects leave unique "fingerprints" in the electromagnetic ...
Evaporation deposition was first observed in incandescent light bulbs during the late nineteenth century. The problem of bulb blackening was one of the main obstacles to making bulbs with long life, and received a great amount of study by Thomas Edison and his General Electric company, as well as many others working on their own lightbulbs.
Figure 1: Physics of X-ray fluorescence in a schematic representation. When materials are exposed to short- wavelength X-rays or to gamma rays, ionization of their component atoms may take place. Ionization consists of the ejection of one or more electrons from the atom, and may occur if the atom is exposed to radiation with an energy greater ...