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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, [b] also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha [c] until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal [d] from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 [2] (c. 1881 [e] – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and a founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until ...
Since, in Ottoman military ranks, "Bey" was a common title given to all ranks for Binbaşı and above, Mustafa Kemal Efendi, henceforth, was addressed as "Mustafa Kemal Bey". On 1 April 1916, Mustafa Kemal was promoted to the rank of Mirliva, equivalent to Major General today. In Ottoman military ranks, Pasha was a common title given to all ...
The Atatürk Centennial was declared in 1981 by the United Nations and UNESCO in honor of the centennial of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's birth. 1981 was declared The Atatürk Centennial Year and the Resolution on the Atatürk Centennial was adopted. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Mustafa Kamal Mahmoud (1921–2009), Egyptian doctor, philosopher, and author Mustafa Kamal (politician) (born 1947), Bangladeshi politician and businessman Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first President.
The battle of Sakarya begins with Turkish troops led by Mustafa Kemal. 19 September Kemal receives the rank of Marshal and the title Gazi (veteran, victorious warrior). 1922 26 August Gazi Mustafa Kemal begins to lead Great Offensive from the hill of Kocatepe. 30 August Mustafa Kemal at the Battle of Dumlupınar. 10 September Enters Izmir. 1 ...
Kemal may refer to: People. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a Turkish politician and the first president of Turkey; Kemal (name), a Turkish name; Places.
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on ar.wikipedia.org الحياة الشخصية لمصطفى كمال أتاتورك; Usage on arz.wikipedia.org
The Republican People's Party (CHP) was established by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on September 9, 1923, not long before the declaration of the Republic of Turkey on October 29. The Republican People's Party did not attempt to update or define the philosophical roots of its Kemalism between the 1940s and the 1960s.