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Antenna masts and antenna-equipped periscopes can be raised to obtain navigational signals but in areas of heavy surveillance, only for a few seconds or minutes; [1] current radar technology can detect even a slender periscope while submarine shadows may be plainly visible from the air.
The mechanical systems of submarine periscopes typically use hydraulics and need to be quite sturdy to withstand the drag through water. The periscope chassis may also support a radio or radar antenna. Submarines traditionally had two periscopes; a navigation or observation periscope and a targeting, or commander's, periscope.
Sail of the French nuclear submarine Casabianca showing the diving planes, camouflaged masts, periscope, electronic warfare masts, door and windows.. In naval parlance, the sail (American usage) or fin (British/Commonwealth usage) (also known as a fairwater) of a submarine is the tower-like structure found on the dorsal (topside) surface of submarines.
For more than a century, periscopes have been sub commanders' window to the outside world, but the traditional periscope might soon be a relic.
Virtual periscope is a system that allows submerged submarines to observe the surface above them without having to come to a shallower depth, as is required by traditional periscopes. The system, described in a patent as "Virtual Periscope", [1] was tested in 2005 aboard USS Chicago (SSN-721). It employed a small camera mounted on the sail of ...
A photonics mast aboard a Virginia-class submarine. A photonics mast (or optronics mast [1]) is a sensor on a submarine which functions similarly to a periscope without requiring a periscope tube, thus freeing design space during construction and limiting risks of water leakage in the event of damage.
The current photonics masts have a visual appearance so different from ordinary periscopes that when the submarine is detected, it can be distinctly identified as a Virginia-class vessel. As a result, current photonic masts will be replaced with Low-Profile Photonics Masts (LPPM) which resemble traditional submarine periscopes more closely. [52]
Communication with submarines is a field within military communications that presents technical challenges and requires specialized technology. Because radio waves do not travel well through good electrical conductors like salt water, submerged submarines are cut off from radio communication with their command authorities at ordinary radio frequencies.