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From the age of 60 years (10%) to the age of 80 years (60%), the proportion of people with senile plaques increases linearly. Women are slightly more likely to have plaques than are men. [ 45 ] [ 44 ] Both plaques and Alzheimer's disease also are more common in aging persons with trisomy -21 ( Down syndrome ).
Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which abnormal proteins, known as amyloid fibrils, build up in tissue. [4] There are several non-specific and vague signs and symptoms associated with amyloidosis. [5] These include fatigue, peripheral edema, weight loss, shortness of breath, palpitations, and feeling faint with standing. [5]
The vast majority of familial cardiac amyloidosis still present after the age of 60. [4] A common mutation is the TTR gene mutation Val122Ile. [2] It is estimated that 3.5–4% of African Americans in The United States have the Val 122lle mutation. [4] This type of amyloidosis can be identified by genetic testing for protein mutation. [4]
To date, 37 human proteins have been found to form amyloid in pathology and be associated with well-defined diseases. [2] The International Society of Amyloidosis classifies amyloid fibrils and their associated diseases based upon associated proteins (for example ATTR is the group of diseases and associated fibrils formed by TTR). [3]
Researchers have discovered that people who carry the APOE-e4 gene may be at a higher risk of developing a negative reaction to anti-amyloid drugs for Alzheimer's.
Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, also known as primary amyloidosis, is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. [1] The disease is caused when a person's antibody -producing cells do not function properly and produce abnormal protein fibers made of components of antibodies called light chains .
AA amyloidosis is a form of amyloidosis, a disease characterized by the abnormal deposition of fibers of insoluble protein in the extracellular space of various tissues and organs. In AA amyloidosis, the deposited protein is serum amyloid A protein (SAA), an acute-phase protein which is normally soluble and whose plasma concentration is highest ...
Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are abnormal differences seen in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease. ARIA is associated with anti-amyloid drugs, particularly human monoclonal antibodies such as aducanumab. [1] There are two types of ARIA: ARIA-E and ARIA-H.
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