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Spastic hemiplegia is a neuromuscular condition of spasticity that results in the muscles on one side of the body being in a constant state of contraction. It is the "one-sided version" of spastic diplegia. It falls under the mobility impairment umbrella of cerebral palsy. About 20–30% of people with cerebral palsy have spastic hemiplegia. [1]
Hemiplegia, in its most severe form, is the complete paralysis of one entire side of the body. Either hemiparesis or hemiplegia can result from a variety of medical causes, including congenital conditions, trauma, tumors, traumatic brain injury and stroke. [1]
About 1/3 of people with cerebral palsy cannot walk, about 1/2 have intellectual disabilities, and 3/4 experience some level of chronic pain. [22] There is limited research on adults with spastic CP. [23] The brain injury causing CP does not progress or change, but the functional impact and thus, one's needs may change with age. [7]
Alternating hemiplegia (also known as crossed hemiplegia) is a form of hemiplegia that has an ipsilateral cranial nerve palsies and contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis of extremities of the body. The disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of paralysis on one side of the body. [ 1 ]
Spasticity, a velocity-dependent change in muscle tone Clasp-knife response where initial higher resistance to movement is followed by a lesser resistance Babinski sign is present, where the big toe is raised (extended) rather than curled downwards (flexed) upon appropriate stimulation of the sole of the foot.
Spastic paresis – exaggerated tendon reflexes and muscle hypertonia [3] In the past, the term was most commonly used to refer to "general paresis", which was a symptom of untreated syphilis. [1] However, due to improvements in treatment of syphilis, it is now rarely used in this context.
Paraplegia, or paraparesis, is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. The word comes from Ionic Greek ( παραπληγίη ) "half-stricken". [ citation needed ] It is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that affects the neural (brain) elements of the spinal canal .
[1] One major characteristic used to identify a lower motor neuron lesion is flaccid paralysis – paralysis accompanied by loss of muscle tone. This is in contrast to an upper motor neuron lesion , which often presents with spastic paralysis – paralysis accompanied by severe hypertonia .