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Vascular plants (from Latin vasculum ' duct '), also called tracheophytes (UK: / ˈ t r æ k iː ə ˌ f aɪ t s /, [5] US: / ˈ t r eɪ k iː ə ˌ f aɪ t s /) [6] or collectively tracheophyta (/ ˌ t r eɪ k iː ˈ ɒ f ɪ t ə /; [7] [8] [9] from Ancient Greek τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία (trakheîa artēría) ' windpipe ' and φυτά (phutá) ' plants '), [9] are plants that have ...
The second more recent hypothesis is that spores were an early predecessor of land plants and formed during errors in the meiosis of algae, a hypothesized early ancestor of land plants. [18] Whether spores arose before or after land plants, their contributions to topics in fields like paleontology and plant phylogenetics have been useful. [18]
The rhyniophytes included "protracheophytes", which were precursors to vascular plants (e.g., Horneophyton, Aglaophyton); basal tracheophytes (e.g., Stockmansella, Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii); and plants allied to the lineages that led to the living club-mosses and allies as well as ferns and seed plants (e.g., Cooksonia species).
By comparison "lycopod" or lycophyte (club moss) means wolf-plant. The term "fern ally" included under Pteridophyta generally refers to vascular spore-bearing plants that are not ferns, including lycopods, horsetails, whisk ferns and water ferns (Marsileaceae, Salviniaceae and Ceratopteris). This is not a natural grouping but rather a ...
The spores of lycopods are highly flammable and so have been used in fireworks. [30] Lycopodium powder, the dried spores of the common clubmoss, was used in Victorian theater to produce flame-effects. A blown cloud of spores burned rapidly and brightly, but with little heat. (It was considered safe by the standards of the time.) [citation needed]
Aglaophyton major (or more correctly Aglaophyton majus [2]) was the sporophyte generation of a diplohaplontic, pre-vascular, axial, free-sporing land plant of the Lower Devonian (Pragian stage, around ). It had anatomical features intermediate between those of the bryophytes and vascular plants or tracheophytes.
Equisetidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns), a group of vascular plants with a fossil record going back to the Devonian. They are commonly known as horsetails . [ 2 ] They typically grow in wet areas, with whorls of needle-like branches radiating at regular intervals from a single vertical stem.
Eusporangiate ferns are vascular spore plants, whose sporangia arise from several epidermal cells and not from a single cell as in leptosporangiate ferns.Typically these ferns have reduced root systems and sporangia that produce large amounts of spores (up to 7000 spores per sporangium in Christensenia).