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The biological and geological future of Earth can be extrapolated based on the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at Earth's surface, the cooling rate of the planet's interior, gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity.
The green, orange and yellow lines indicate how surface temperatures will likely respond if leading carbon emitters begin to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Without immediate curbs, temperatures are set to follow the red track, and increase between 3.2 and 5.4 degrees Celsius by 2100. The green line shows how we can minimize warming if ...
Eukaryotic life dies out on Earth due to carbon dioxide starvation. Only prokaryotes remain. [90] 1.5 billion Callisto is captured into the mean-motion resonance of the other Galilean moons of Jupiter, completing the 1:2:4:8 chain. (Currently only Io, Europa and Ganymede participate in the 1:2:4 resonance.) [100] 1.5–1.6 billion
The four RCPs – originally RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, and RCP8.5 – are labelled after the expected changes in radiative forcing values from the year 1750 [24] [25] to the year 2100 (2.6, 4.5, 6, and 8.5 W/m 2, respectively). [26] [27] [28] The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) began to use these four pathways for climate modeling and research ...
Last year was the warmest year on record, and the first with a global average temperature of more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial levels. At current rates of warming, 2 degrees ...
Earth has experienced 12 consecutive months of warming at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius — a threshold for avoiding the worst effects of climate change.
Earth constantly absorbs energy from sunlight and emits thermal radiation as infrared light. In the long run, Earth radiates the same amount of energy per second as it absorbs, because the amount of thermal radiation emitted depends upon temperature: If Earth absorbs more energy per second than it radiates, Earth heats up and the thermal radiation will increase, until balance is restored; if ...
The Doomsday Clock is seen at 89 seconds to midnight, the closest the clock has ever been to midnight in its 78-year history. / Credit: SAUL LOEB/AFP via Getty Images