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Sodium chloride / ˌ s oʊ d i ə m ˈ k l ɔːr aɪ d /, [8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic , and occurs as the mineral halite .
Logically, one of the first economic measures taken was the abolition of the gabelle. In 1806, Napoleon reinstated the monopoly, but applied it uniformly across all of France. Additionally, tax categories were established based on the intended use of the salt, so that the salt used for food paid a higher rate than that used for livestock or ...
A very ancient salt-works operation has been discovered at the Poiana Slatinei archaeological site next to a salt spring in Lunca, Neamț County, Romania. Evidence indicates that Neolithic people of the Precucuteni Culture were boiling the salt-laden spring water through the process of briquetage to extract salt as far back as 6050 BC. [15]
The name of the cation (the unmodified element name for monatomic cations) comes first, followed by the name of the anion. [ 100 ] [ 101 ] For example, MgCl 2 is named magnesium chloride , and Na 2 SO 4 is named sodium sulfate ( SO 2−
Metallic sodium was first produced commercially in the late nineteenth century [40] by carbothermal reduction of sodium carbonate at 1100 °C, as the first step of the Deville process for the production of aluminium: [61] [62] [63] Na 2 CO 3 + 2 C → 2 Na + 3 CO. The high demand for aluminium created the need for the production of sodium.
The Paleolithic cave art was first discovered in 1868 and depicts bison, deer, and other animals. Scientists have dated the paintings to be between 13,000 to 14,000 years old.
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
In the first step, sodium chloride is treated with sulfuric acid in the Mannheim process. This reaction produces sodium sulfate (called the salt cake) and hydrogen chloride: 2 NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → Na 2 SO 4 + 2 HCl. This chemical reaction had been discovered in 1772 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.