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Idu (Korean: 이두; Hanja: 吏讀; lit. 'official's reading') was a writing system developed during the Three Kingdoms period of Korea (57 BC-668 AD) to write the Korean language using Chinese characters ("hanja"). It used Hanja to represent both native Korean words and grammatical morphemes as well as Chinese loanwords.
Old Korean is generally defined as the ancient Koreanic language of the Silla state (57 BCE – 936 CE), [3] especially in its Unified period (668–936). [4] [5] Proto-Koreanic, the hypothetical ancestor of the Koreanic languages understood largely through the internal reconstruction of later forms of Korean, [6] is to be distinguished from the actually historically attested language of Old ...
For example, the name for the Hanja 水 is 물 수 (mul-su) in which 물 (mul) is the native Korean pronunciation for 'water', while 수 (su) is the Sino-Korean pronunciation of the character. The naming of Hanja is similar to if water , horse and gold were named "water-aqua", "horse-equus", or "gold-aurum" based on a hybridization of both the ...
This is a list of languages arranged by age of the oldest existing text recording a complete sentence in the language. It does not include undeciphered writing systems, though there are various claims without wide acceptance, which, if substantiated, would push backward the first attestation of certain languages.
Hyangchal (Korean: 향찰; Hanja: 鄕札; lit. 'vernacular letters', 'local letters', or 'corresponded sound') is an archaic writing system of Korea and was used to transcribe the Korean language in Chinese characters. Using the hyangchal system, Chinese characters were given a Korean reading based on the syllable associated with the character. [1]
Korean literature is the body of literature produced by Koreans, mostly in the Korean language and sometimes in Classical Chinese. For much of Korea's 1,500 years of literary history, it was written in Hanja .
Use of Classical Chinese by Koreans began in the fourth century or earlier, and phonological writing in Idu script was developed by the sixth century. [8] It is unclear whether Old Korean was a tonal language. [9] It is assumed that Old Korean was divided into dialects, corresponding to the three kingdoms.
The inscription on a statue of King Sejong, illustrating the original forms of the letters. It reads 세종대왕, Sejong Daewang. Note the dots on the vowels, the geometric symmetry of s and j in the first two syllables, the asymmetrical lip at the top-left of the d in the third, and the distinction between initial and final ieung in the last.