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When the amplifier's 180° of phase inversion is added to this, the result is a full 360° at the f i intercept, indicated by the dashed vertical line. At that intercept, 1/β = A OL for a loop gain of A OL β = 1. Oscillation will occur at the frequency f i because of the 360° phase shift, or positive feedback, and the unity gain. [6]
Voltage-to-frequency converters are voltage-controlled oscillators with a highly linear relation between applied voltage and frequency. They are used to convert a slow analog signal (such as from a temperature transducer) to a signal suitable for transmission over a long distance, since the frequency will not drift or be affected by noise.
A phase-shift oscillator is a linear electronic oscillator circuit that produces a sine wave output. It consists of an inverting amplifier element such as a transistor or op amp with its output fed back to its input through a phase-shift network consisting of resistors and capacitors in a ladder network .
In power supply design, a bridge circuit or bridge rectifier is an arrangement of diodes or similar devices used to rectify an electric current, i.e. to convert it from an unknown or alternating polarity to a direct current of known polarity. In some motor controllers, an H-bridge is used to control the direction the motor turns.
The lattice phase equaliser, or filter, is a filter composed of lattice, or X-sections. With single element branches it can produce a phase shift up to 180°, and with resonant branches it can produce phase shifts up to 360°. The filter is an example of a constant-resistance network (i.e., its image impedance is constant over all frequencies).
Phase margin and gain margin are two measures of stability for a feedback control system. They indicate how much the gain or the phase of the system can vary before it becomes unstable. Phase margin is the difference (expressed as a positive number) between 180° and the phase shift where the magnitude of the loop transfer function is 0 dB.
Input stages of AC-drive converter systems. Figure 2 shows the top and bottom views of an air-cooled 10 kW-Vienna Rectifier (400 kHz PWM), with sinusoidal input current s and controlled output voltage. Dimensions are 250mm x 120mm x 40mm, resulting in a power density of 8.5 kW/dm 3. The total weight of the converter is 2.1 kg [10]
A bridge-parallel amplifier topology is a hierarchical combination of the bridged and paralleled amplifier topologies, with at least four single-ended channels needed to produce one bridge-parallel channel. The two topologies complement each other in that the bridging allows for higher voltage output and the paralleling provides the current ...