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Calmodulin is a small, highly conserved protein that is 148 amino acids long (16.7 kDa). The protein has two approximately symmetrical globular domains (the N- and C- domains) each containing a pair of EF hand motifs [5] separated by a flexible linker region for a total of four Ca 2+ binding sites, two in each globular domain. [6]
Calcium-binding proteins have specific domains that bind to calcium and are known to be heterogeneous. One of the functions of calcium binding proteins is to regulate the amount of free (unbound) Ca 2+ in the cytosol of the cell. [1] The cellular regulation of calcium is known as calcium homeostasis.
Troponin C (red) binds Ca2+, which stabilizes the activated state, where troponin I (yellow) is no longer bound to actin. Troponin T (blue) anchors the complex on tropomyosin. Troponin is found in both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle , but the specific versions of troponin differ between types of muscle.
The α 1 subunit forms the Ca 2+ selective pore, which contains voltage-sensing machinery and the drug/toxin-binding sites. A total of ten α 1 subunits that have been identified in humans: [ 1 ] α 1 subunit contains 4 homologous domains (labeled I–IV), each containing 6 transmembrane helices (S1–S6).
Calmodulin I, abbreviated CALM1, is located on chromosome 14 of the human genome, and is one of the three isoforms of calmodulin. It’s found in all human tissues, although the expression varies depending on tissue type. There are high expression levels found in the brain, muscle, and blood.
Point mutations can occur in troponin C inducing alterations to Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ binding and protein structure, [1] leading to abnormalities in muscle contraction. [2] [3] In cardiac muscle, they are related to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). These known point mutations are: A8V; D145E; A31S; C84Y; E134D; Y5H ...
Shows Ca 2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum through phospholipase C (PLC) pathway.. Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca 2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction.
7134 21924 Ensembl ENSG00000114854 ENSMUSG00000091898 UniProt P63316 P19123 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003280 NM_009393 RefSeq (protein) NP_003271 NP_033419 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 52.45 – 52.45 Mb Chr 14: 30.93 – 30.93 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Troponin C, also known as TN-C or TnC, is a protein that resides in the troponin complex on actin thin filaments of striated ...