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Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a multifactorial chronic degenerative process in which calcium with lipid is deposited in the annular fibrosa ring of the heart's mitral valve. MAC was first discovered and described in 1908 by M. Bonninger in the journal Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift . [ 1 ]
CT scan of the chest showing bilateral lymphadenopathy in the mediastinum due to sarcoidosis. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is a bilateral enlargement of the lymph nodes of pulmonary hila. It is a radiographic term for the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes and is most commonly identified by a chest x-ray.
Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue. It normally occurs in the formation of bone , but calcium can be deposited abnormally in soft tissue , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] causing it to harden.
Mediastinal fibrosis is characterized by invasive, calcified fibrosis centered on lymph nodes that block major vessels and airways. In Europe, this disease is exceptionally rare. In Europe, this disease is exceptionally rare.
The most common mediastinal masses are thymoma (20% of mediastinal tumors), usually found in the anterior mediastinum, followed by neurogenic Timor (15–20%) located in the anterior mediastinum. [1] Lung cancer typically spreads to the lymph nodes in the mediastinum.
aortic arch dilatation or aneurysm, mediastinal tumour: left displacement of trachea elicits palpable pulsation of same Carey Coombs murmur: Carey Coombs: cardiology, rheumatology: rheumatic fever: mid-diastolic rumble Carnett's sign: John Berton Carnett: primary care, surgery: abdominal mass and/or pain: Am J Med Sci 174 (1927): 579–599
Mediastinal shift is an abnormal movement of the mediastinal structures toward one side of the chest cavity. A shift indicates a severe imbalance of pressures inside the chest. [ 1 ] Mediastinal shifts are generally caused by increased lung volume, decreased lung volume, or abnormalities in the pleural space.
Aortic unfolding is an abnormality visible on a chest X-ray, that shows widening of the mediastinum which may mimic the appearance of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. [1]With aging, the ascending portion of the thoracic aorta increases in length by approximately 12% per decade, whereas the diameter increases by just 3% per decade.