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Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland (Italian: Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181. A native of Siena , Alexander became pope after a contested election , but had to spend much of his pontificate outside Rome while several rivals ...
In opposition to Alexander III. — 28 April 1164 – 22 September 1168 (4 years, 147 days) Paschal III PASCALIS Tertius: Guido di Crema 1110 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire 54 / 58 Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. — 30 September 1168 – 29 August 1178 (9 years, 333 days ...
Established the papal conclave as the method of selection for a pope, imposing progressively stricter restrictions on cardinals the longer a conclave lasted to encourage a quick selection. 1278 (August 4) Vineam Sorec: Nicholas III: Ordering conversion sermons to Jews 1279 Exiit qui seminat: Confirming the rules of the Friar Minor [58] 1281 Ad ...
The Council of Tours was convened by Pope Alexander III in 1163. It opened on 19 May with a speech by Bishop Arnulf of Lisieux concerning the unity of the church. With well over 500 attendants, the council reaffirmed the excommunication of Antipope Victor IV, declared the Cathars heretics, and condemned clerical usury.
Pope Callixtus III (1455–1458) Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503) Bibliography. Saints and Sinners, a History of the Popes. Yale University Press. 1997.
Plaque commemorating popes buried in St Peter's Basilica. This is a graphical list of the popes of the Catholic Church. While the term pope (Latin: Papa, 'Father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders, in English usage, this title generally refers to the supreme head of the Catholic Church and of the Holy See.
A serious schism arose out of this conflict, and after Victor IV's death in 1164, two further antipopes were nominated in opposition to Alexander III: Paschal III (1164–1168) and Callistus III (1168–1178). Eventually, at the Peace of Venice, when Alexander gained victory, he promised Frederick that he would summon an ecumenical council.
Pope Honorius III's legate, Pelagius, arrives at Damietta. [465] [467] 1219. May 2. Leo dies. John lays claim to Cilician Armenia on behalf of his wife and their infant son against her younger sister Isabella. [465] [468] October. Al-Kamil offers all Palestine to the west of the Jordan in return for abandoning the crusade.