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This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
A media access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU or MPDU) is a message that is exchanged between media access control (MAC) entities in a communication system based on the layered OSI model. [ 3 ] In systems where the MPDU may be larger than the MAC service data unit (MSDU), the MPDU may include multiple MSDUs as a result of packet aggregation .
The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP). Early versions of this networking model were known as the Department of Defense ( DoD ) model because the research and development were funded by the United States Department of Defense through ...
Comparison of file transfer protocols: Instant messaging: Comparison of instant messaging protocolsjant: Internet Protocol: List of IP protocol numbers: Link aggregation: List of Nortel protocols OSI protocols: List of network protocols (OSI model) Protocol stacks: List of network protocol stacks: Routing: List of ad hoc routing protocols: List ...
The presentation layer establishes data formatting and data translation into a format specified by the application layer during the encapsulation of outgoing messages while being passed down the protocol stack, and possibly reversed during the deencapsulation of incoming messages when being passed up the protocol stack. For this very reason ...
Ossification is a major issue in Internet protocol design and deployment, as it can prevent new protocols or extensions from being deployed on the Internet, or place strictures on the design of new protocols; new protocols may have to be encapsulated in an already-deployed protocol or mimic the wire image of another protocol. [108]
An electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system. touchpad. Also trackpad. A pointing device consisting of specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers or a stylus to a relative position on a screen. [7] TV ...
Data transmitted may be digital messages originating from a data source, for example a computer or a keyboard. It may also be an analog signal such as a phone call or a video signal, digitized into a bit-stream for example using pulse-code modulation (PCM) or more advanced source coding (analog-to-digital conversion and data compression) schemes.