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Via the larynx, numerous bacteria can travel through the respiratory tract to the lungs. There, mucus is charged with their removal. Pathogenic oral microflora have been linked to the production of factors which favor autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and arthritis, as well as cancers of the colon, lungs and breasts. [31]
An acquired pellicle is a layer of saliva that is composed of mainly glycoproteins and forms shortly after cleaning of the teeth or exposure of new teeth. [7] Bacteria then attach to the pellicle layer, form micro-colonies, and mature on the tooth, which can result in oral diseases.
Sucrose is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide. [1] However, other sugars—glucose, fructose, lactose—can also be digested by S. mutans, but they produce lactic acid as an end product. The combination of plaque and acid leads to dental decay. [12]
The dense layer is the deeper layer of the lamina propria. It consists of dense connective tissue with a large amount of fibers. Between the papillary layer and the deeper layers of the lamina propria is a capillary plexus, which provides nutrition for the all layers of the mucosa and sends capillaries into the connective tissue papillae. [10]
Other bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, are able to grow in these colonies. Streptococcus mutans is important, because it is associated with dental caries. [5] These bacteria produce the enzyme glucosyltransferase. Glucosyl transferase converts sucrose into exopolysaccharides. These exopolysacharides create a sticky environment that ...
Teeth, saliva, and oral tissues are the major components of the oral environment in which the oral microbiome resides. Like most environments, some oral environments, such as teeth and saliva, are abiotic (non-living), and some are living, such as the host immune system or host mouth mucosal tissues- including gums, cheek ("buccal") and tongue (when present).
Since bacteria that normally reside in the oral cavity cause mouth infections, proper dental hygiene can prevent most cases of infection. As such, mouth infections are more common in populations with poor access to dental care (homeless, uninsured, etc.) or populations with health-related behaviors that damage one's teeth and oral mucosa ...
Dental calculus typically forms in incremental layers [17] that are easily visible using both electron microscopy and light microscopy. [9] These layers form during periodic calcification events of the dental plaque, [18] but the timing and triggers of these events are not well understood. The formation of calculus varies widely among ...