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Nanoscale iron particles are sub-micrometer particles of iron metal. [1] Due to their high catalytic activity, low toxicity, and strong adsorption capacity, iron-based nanoparticles are widely utilized in drug delivery, magnetic targeting, gene therapy, and environmental remediation. [2]
Nanoscale Fe. In addition to using macroscale iron in PRBs, nanoparticles (1-100 nm diameter) of zerovalent iron (nZVI) are effective. [2] Zn. Zinc has showed much higher reactivity toward pentachlorophenol than iron. This indicates that zinc may be used as a replacement for ZVI in dechlorinating chlorinated phenols.
Labelling cells (e.g. stem cells, dendritic cells) with iron oxide nanoparticles is an interesting new tool to monitor such labelled cells in real time by magnetic resonance tomography. [13] [14] Some forms of Iron oxide nanoparticle have been found to be toxic and cause transcriptional reprogramming. [15] [16]
Nanoparticles can also be functionalized with polymers or oligomers to sterically stabilize the nanoparticles by providing a protective layer that prevents the nanoparticles from interacting with each other. [8] Alloys of two metals, called bimetallic nanoparticles, are used to create synergistic effects on catalysis between the two metals. [9]
Zinc oxide nanoparticles are nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) that have diameters less than 100 nanometers. They have a large surface area relative to their size and high catalytic activity . The exact physical and chemical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles depend on the different ways they are synthesized .
Ferrite nanoparticles or iron oxide nanoparticles (iron oxides in crystal structure of maghemite or magnetite) are the most explored magnetic nanoparticles up to date.Once the ferrite particles become smaller than 128 nm [22] they become superparamagnetic which prevents self agglomeration since they exhibit their magnetic behavior only when an external magnetic field is applied.
The liquid alloy, which includes zinc, is attached to nucleated seeds made usually of gold or silica. The alloy absorbs the oxygen vapor and saturates, facilitating a chemical reaction between zinc and oxygen. The nanostructure develops as the ZnO solidifies and grows outwards from the gold seed.
Many research groups have investigated the surface activities of nanoparticles with amphiphilic properties. In 2006, Janus nanoparticles, made from gold and iron oxides, were compared with their homogeneous counterparts by measuring the ability of the particles to reduce the interfacial tension between water and n-hexane. [43]