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Iron nanoparticles can be synthesized using two primary approaches: top-down and bottom-up methods. [ 3 ] Top-down approaches create nanoparticles by breaking down larger bulk materials into smaller particles, including laser ablation and mechanical grinding.
Labelling cells (e.g. stem cells, dendritic cells) with iron oxide nanoparticles is an interesting new tool to monitor such labelled cells in real time by magnetic resonance tomography. [13] [14] Some forms of Iron oxide nanoparticle have been found to be toxic and cause transcriptional reprogramming. [15] [16]
Nanoparticles are classified as having at least one of its dimensions in the range of 1-100 nanometers (nm). [2] The small size of nanoparticles allows them to have unique characteristics which may not be possible on the macro-scale. Self-assembly is the spontaneous organization of smaller subunits to form larger, well-organized patterns. [3]
Nanoparticles can also be functionalized with polymers or oligomers to sterically stabilize the nanoparticles by providing a protective layer that prevents the nanoparticles from interacting with each other. [8] Alloys of two metals, called bimetallic nanoparticles, are used to create synergistic effects on catalysis between the two metals. [9]
Many research groups have investigated the surface activities of nanoparticles with amphiphilic properties. In 2006, Janus nanoparticles, made from gold and iron oxides, were compared with their homogeneous counterparts by measuring the ability of the particles to reduce the interfacial tension between water and n-hexane. [43]
Gray goo (also spelled as grey goo) is a hypothetical global catastrophic scenario involving molecular nanotechnology in which out-of-control self-replicating machines consume all biomass (and perhaps also everything else) on Earth while building many more of themselves, [1] [2] a scenario that has been called ecophagy (literally: "consumption of the environment"). [3]
Ferrite nanoparticles or iron oxide nanoparticles (iron oxides in crystal structure of maghemite or magnetite) are the most explored magnetic nanoparticles up to date.Once the ferrite particles become smaller than 128 nm [22] they become superparamagnetic which prevents self agglomeration since they exhibit their magnetic behavior only when an external magnetic field is applied.
Iron-Platinum Nanoparticle Lattice in the L10 phase Physical properties of some FePt NPs. Plant viruses, such as Cowpea mosaic virus and Tobacco mosaic virus, enlarge the average radius of the FePt NPs through direct mineralization. [8] The virus acts as a natural template to monodisperse nanoparticles up to 30 nanometers in diameter. [9]