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Based on the use of the stake they are called alignment stakes, offset stakes, grade stakes, and slope stakes. [5] [6] Survey stakes are markers surveyors use in surveying projects to prepare job sites, mark out property boundaries, and provide information about claims on natural resources like timber and minerals. The stakes can be made from ...
Ranging rods of greater length, e.g. 3 to 6 m, are called ranging or range poles, and are used for very long survey lines. [3] Another type of ranging rod is known as an offset rod, which has no flag at the top. It is used for measuring small offsets from the survey line when the work is of an ordinary nature. [4]
A reel of wire may be used instead, with special holders (Hallade forks) employed to hold the wire at a fixed distance from the rail. The measurement is taken with a Hallade rule, a specialist ruler whose zero point matches the offset of the forks, thus cancelling it out. The purpose of the offset is to allow small negative measurements.
A quarter chain, or 25 links, measures 16 feet 6 inches (5.03 m) and thus measures a rod (or pole). Ten chains measure a furlong and 80 chains measure a statute mile. [1] Gunter's chain reconciled two seemingly incompatible systems: the traditional English land measurements, based on the number four, and decimals based on the number 10.
Offset. Offset is the perpendicular distance between the axes of hypoid gears or offset face gears. [1] In the adjacent diagram, (a) and (b) are referred to as having an offset below center, while those in (c) and (d) have an offset above center. In determining the direction of offset, it is customary to look at the gear with the pinion at the ...
Traverse networks involve placing survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point. Connected survey lines form the framework and the directions and lengths of the survey lines are measured with an angle measuring instrument and tape or chain. [2]
A direct-readout theodolite, manufactured in the Soviet Union in 1958 and used for topographic surveying. A theodolite (/ θ i ˈ ɒ d ə ˌ l aɪ t /) [1] is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes.
In computer-aided design the preferred term for a parallel curve is offset curve. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] (In other geometric contexts, the term offset can also refer to translation . [ 5 ] ) Offset curves are important, for example, in numerically controlled machining , where they describe, for example, the shape of the cut made by a round cutting ...