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2. Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_in_International...

   PIRLS 2021. The IEA's Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) [1] is an international study of reading (comprehension) achievement in 9-10 year olds. It has been conducted every five years since 2001 by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). It is designed to measure children's ...

3. Dick and Jane - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_and_Jane

   Dick and Jane are the two main characters created by Zerna Sharp for a series of basal readers written by William S. Gray to teach children to read. The characters first appeared in the Elson-Gray Readers in 1930 and continued in a subsequent series of books through the final version in 1965. These readers were used in classrooms in the United ...

4. Reading - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading

   Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

5. Literacy in the United States - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States

   Literacy in the United States was categorized by the National Center for Education Statistics into different literacy levels, with 92% of American adults having at least "Level 1" literacy in 2014. [1] Nationally, over 20% of adult Americans have a literacy proficiency at or below Level 1. Adults in this range have difficulty using or ...

6. Guy Bond - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Bond

   Guy Loraine Bond (May 3, 1904 – August 29, 1980) was an educational psychologist who made significant contributions to research in reading and literacy. [citation needed] Bond's work with Robert Dykstra on The First Grade Studies is perhaps the most famous of his contributions. [1] His areas of study were reading, elementary education, and ...

7. Literacy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy

   Literacy is the ability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of "literacy" as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was understood solely as alphabetical literacy (word and letter recognition); and the period after 1950, when literacy slowly began to be considered as a wider concept and process, including the social and cultural ...