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Gait choice can have effects beyond immediate changes in limb movement and speed, notably in terms of ventilation. Because they lack a diaphragm , lizards and salamanders must expand and contract their body wall in order to force air in and out of their lungs, but these are the same muscles used to laterally undulate the body during locomotion.
The complexity of gait arises from the need to adapt to expected and unexpected changes in the environment (e.g., changes in walking surface or obstacles). Visual , vestibular , proprioceptive , and tactile sensory information provides important feedback related to gait and permits the adjustment of a person's posture or foot placement ...
The gait analysis is modulated or modified by many factors, and changes in the normal gait pattern can be transient or permanent. The factors can be of various types: Extrinsic: such as terrain, footwear, clothing, cargo; Intrinsic: sex, weight, height, age, etc. Physical: such as weight, height, physique; Psychological: personality type, emotions
Pronation is a normal, desirable, and necessary component of the gait cycle. [4] Pronation is the first half of the stance phase, whereas supination starts the propulsive phase as the heel begins to lift off the ground. [5] An illustration of pronation and supination of the foot from an anatomy textbook
A (bipedal) gait cycle is the time period or sequence of events or movements during locomotion in which one foot contacts the ground to when that same foot again contacts the ground, and involves propulsion of the centre of gravity in the direction of motion. A gait cycle usually involves co-operative movements of both the left and right legs ...
Upstroke duration: time elapsed between the onset of an upstroke and the onset of a downstroke. Downstroke duration: time elapsed between the onset of a downstroke and the onset of an upstroke. Phase: if an organism has both front and hind wings, the lag of a wing pair relative to the other (reference) wing pair.
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The ground reaction force vector represents the sum of all forces acting between a physical object and its supporting surface. Analysis of the center of pressure is common in studies on human postural control and gait. It is thought that changes in motor control may be reflected in changes in the center of pressure. In biomechanical studies ...