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Programmers should work to develop computer systems that can reduce negative consequences to society, such as threats to safety and health, and that can make everyday activities and work easier. It is “an obligation to develop to high standards” (Savage). [4] Avoid harm to others. Computer systems have an indirect impact on third parties.
Considered harmful was popularized among computer scientists by Edsger Dijkstra's letter "Go To Statement Considered Harmful", [3] [4] published in the March 1968 Communications of the ACM (CACM), in which he criticized the excessive use of the GOTO statement in programming languages of the day and advocated structured programming instead. [5]
Convicted computer criminals are people who are caught and convicted of computer crimes such as breaking into computers or computer networks. [1] Computer crime can be broadly defined as criminal activity involving information technology infrastructure, including illegal access (unauthorized access), illegal interception (by technical means of non-public transmissions of computer data to, from ...
Computer fraud is the act of using a computer to take or alter electronic data, or to gain unlawful use of a computer or system. [10] Computer fraud that involves the use of the internet is also called internet fraud. The legal definition of computer fraud varies by jurisdiction, but typically involves accessing a computer without permission or ...
Black hat hackers may be novices or experienced criminals. They are usually competent infiltrators of computer networks and can circumvent security protocols. They may create malware, a form of software that enables illegitimate access to computer networks, enables the monitoring of victims' online activities, and may lock infected devices.
Similarly, another popular textbook of the time, Stern and Stern's Structured COBOL Programming, tries to present an implementation-independent explanation of the language, but the appendix giving the full syntax of the language is explicitly for IBM COBOL, with its extensions to the language highlighted. [2]
Based on the Citadel Trojan (which, itself, is based on the Zeus Trojan), its payload displays a warning purportedly from a law enforcement agency claiming that the computer has been used for illegal activities, such as downloading unlicensed software or child pornography. Due to this behaviour, it is commonly referred to as the "Police Trojan".
Taint checking is a feature in some computer programming languages, such as Perl, [1] Ruby [2] or Ballerina [3] designed to increase security by preventing malicious users from executing commands on a host computer.