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Specifically, basic hostility pertains to a sense of anger and betrayal that a child feels towards his parents for their failure to provide a secure environment. [2] Horney associated this concept with "basic anxiety", citing that the two are inseparably interwoven and are both offshoots of the "basic evil" of parental mistreatment. [3]
Also, the operational definition failed to include dimensions that could reliably predict the affective and interpersonal deficits in psychopathic-like youths. Due to these issues, the American Psychiatric Association removed the undersocialized and socialized distinctions from the conduct disorder description in the DSM after the third edition.
Dysfunctional families are primarily a result of two adults, one typically overtly abusive and the other codependent, and may also be affected by substance abuse or other forms of addiction, or sometimes by an untreated mental illness. Parents having grown up in a dysfunctional family may over-correct or emulate their own parents.
Basic anxiety is a term used by psychoanalytic theorist Karen Horney.She believed that neurosis resulted from basic anxiety caused by interpersonal relationships.Her theory proposes that strategies used to cope with anxiety can be overused, causing them to take on the appearance of needs.
[4] [5] Studies have found that children as young as 2 to 3 years of age can express emotions resembling guilt [6] and remorse. [7] However, while five-year-old children are able to imagine situations in which basic emotions would be felt, the ability to describe situations in which social emotions might be experienced does not appear until ...
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson in collaboration with Joan Erikson, [1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages that a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood.
Some people are predisposed towards feelings of frustration, indexed in terms of temperament in childhood, and neuroticism in adulthood. [citation needed] Frustration can be classed as a mental health problem–response behavior and can have a number of effects, depending on the mental health of the individual.
There is varied evidence regarding the continuity of emerging adults' relationships with parents, although most of the research supports the fact that there is moderate stability. A parent-child relationship of higher quality often results in greater affection and contact in emerging adulthood. [69]