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Pascalization, bridgmanization, high pressure processing (HPP) [1] or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing [2] is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in the food. [3]
Principal hurdles used for food preservation (after Leistner, 1995) [43] [44] Parameter Symbol Application High temperature F Heating Low temperature T Chilling, freezing: Reduced water activity: a w: Drying, curing, conserving: Increased acidity: pH: Acid addition or formation Reduced redox potential: E h: Removal of oxygen or addition of ...
The organoleptic quality of the food refers to its sensory properties, that is its look, taste, smell and texture. Examples of hurdles in a food system are high temperature during processing, low temperature during storage, increasing the acidity, lowering the water activity or redox potential, or the presence of preservatives. According to the ...
Simmering is a food preparation technique by which foods are cooked in hot liquids kept just below the boiling point of water [1] (lower than 100 °C or 212 °F) and above poaching temperature (higher than 71–80 °C or 160–176 °F). To create a steady simmer, a liquid is brought to a boil, then its heat source is reduced to a lower ...
Equipment used in aseptic processing of food and beverages must be sterilized before processing and remain sterile during processing. [1] When designing aseptic processing equipment there are six basic requirements to consider: the equipment must have the capability of being cleaned thoroughly, it must be able to be sterilized with steam, chemicals, or high-temperature water, sterilization ...
Ultra-high temperature processing (UHT), ultra-heat treatment, or ultra-pasteurization [1] is a food processing technology that sterilizes liquid food by heating it above 140 °C (284 °F) – the temperature required to kill bacterial endospores – for two to five seconds. [2]
Unless the food being preserved has a high acid content (pH <4.6) or salt or sugar content resulting in water availability <0.85, such as pickles or jellies, the filled jars are also processed under pressure in a canner, a specialized type of pressure cooker.
The use of nitrites in food preservation is highly controversial [22] due to the potential for the formation of nitroso-compounds such as nitrosamines, N-nitrosamides and nitrosyl-heme. [citation needed] When the meat is cooked at high temperatures, nitrite-cured meat products can also lead to the formation of nitrosamines.