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  2. Augmented Lagrangian method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_Lagrangian_method

    Augmented Lagrangian methods are a certain class of algorithms for solving constrained optimization problems. They have similarities to penalty methods in that they replace a constrained optimization problem by a series of unconstrained problems and add a penalty term to the objective, but the augmented Lagrangian method adds yet another term designed to mimic a Lagrange multiplier.

  3. Lagrangian relaxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_relaxation

    The method penalizes violations of inequality constraints using a Lagrange multiplier, which imposes a cost on violations. These added costs are used instead of the strict inequality constraints in the optimization. In practice, this relaxed problem can often be solved more easily than the original problem.

  4. Lagrange multiplier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange_multiplier

    In mathematical optimization, the method of Lagrange multipliers is a strategy for finding the local maxima and minima of a function subject to equation constraints (i.e., subject to the condition that one or more equations have to be satisfied exactly by the chosen values of the variables). [1] It is named after the mathematician Joseph-Louis ...

  5. Fixed-point combinator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_combinator

    Any fixed-point combinator is also a non-standard one, but not all non-standard fixed-point combinators are fixed-point combinators because some of them fail to satisfy the fixed-point equation that defines the "standard" ones. These combinators are called strictly non-standard fixed-point combinators; an example is the following combinator:

  6. Lambda calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus

    The pure lambda calculus does not have a concept of named constants since all atomic lambda-terms are variables, but one can emulate having named constants by setting aside a variable as the name of the constant, using abstraction to bind that variable in the main body, and apply that abstraction to the intended definition.

  7. Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenberg–Marquardt...

    The choice of the finite difference step can affect the stability of the algorithm, and a value of around 0.1 is usually reasonable in general. [ 8 ] Since the acceleration may point in opposite direction to the velocity, to prevent it to stall the method in case the damping is too small, an additional criterion on the acceleration is added in ...

  8. Lambda cube - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_cube

    The lambda cube. Direction of each arrow is direction of inclusion. In mathematical logic and type theory, the λ-cube (also written lambda cube) is a framework introduced by Henk Barendregt [1] to investigate the different dimensions in which the calculus of constructions is a generalization of the simply typed λ-calculus.

  9. C Sharp syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_syntax

    Generally, it may be put only between digit characters. It cannot be put at the beginning (_121) or the end of the value (121_ or 121.05_), next to the decimal in floating point values (10_.0), next to the exponent character (1.1e_1), or next to the type specifier (10_f).