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There is evidence from systematic review and meta-analyses that statins, particularly atorvastatin, reduce both decline in kidney function (eGFR) and the severity of protein excretion in urine, [30] [31] [32] with higher doses having greater effect. [31] [32] Data are conflicting for whether statins reduce risk of kidney failure. [30]
One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Other tests that can assess the function of the kidneys include assessment of electrolyte levels such as potassium and phosphate , assessment of acid-base status by the measurement of bicarbonate levels from a vein, and assessment of the full blood count for anaemia .
2) CKD2 (mild) – GFR of 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m 2 with evidence of kidney damage 3) CKD3 (moderate) – GFR of 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m 2 4) CKD4 (severe) – GFR of 15 to 29 mL/min/1.73 m 2 5) CKD5 kidney failure – GFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 Some people add CKD5D for those stage 5 patients requiring dialysis; many patients in CKD5 are ...
According to the 2015 Cochrane systematic review, atorvastatin showed greater cholesterol-lowering effect in women than in men compared to rosuvastatin. [ 49 ] In children, statins are effective at reducing cholesterol levels in those with familial hypercholesterolemia . [ 50 ]
Loop diuretics may also precipitate kidney failure in patients concurrently taking an NSAID and an ACE inhibitor—the so-called "triple whammy" effect. [ 19 ] Because furosemide, torsemide and bumetanide are technically sulfa drugs, there is a theoretical risk that patients sensitive to sulfonamides may be sensitive to these loop diuretics.
GFR on its own is the most common and important measure of renal function. However, in conditions such as renal artery stenosis, blood flow to the kidneys is reduced. Filtration fraction must therefore be increased in order to perform the normal functions of the kidney. Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics decrease filtration fraction.
In patients with kidney disease, atorvastatin is preferred over other statins as it does not require dose-adjustment based on GFR. [37] Glycemic control: Multiple studies have found a positive effect of improved glycemic control on clinical outcomes of patients with diabetic nephropathy. [38]
Volume of blood plasma delivered to the kidney per unit time. PAH clearance is a renal analysis method used to provide an estimate. Approximately 625 ml/min. renal blood flow = (HCT is hematocrit) Volume of blood delivered to the kidney per unit time. In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 20% of cardiac output, amounting to 1 L/min in ...