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It may involve large amounts of money and requires brokers to possess knowledge of types of vessels and their function, knowledge of maritime law, as well experience in bargaining. To reduce the number of disputes and smoothen the sale and purchase procedure, normally the ship-owner (seller) and the buyer will appoint brokers as middlemen to ...
This is a list of abbreviations used in law and legal documents. It is common practice in legal documents to cite other publications by using standard abbreviations for the title of each source. Abbreviations may also be found for common words or legal phrases.
Treitel defines an offer as "an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed", the "offeree". [1] An offer is a statement of the terms on which the offeror is willing to be bound.
The Hague Rules of 1924 effectively codified, albeit in a diluted form, the English common law rules to protect the cargo owner against exploitation by the carrier. Nearly 50 years later, the Hague-Visby "update" made few changes, so that the newer Rules still applied only to "tackle to tackle" carriage (i.e. carriage by sea) and the container ...
The result is that certain more-or-less common clauses in affreightment contracts have come before the courts, and decisions in these cases are treated practically [2] —though perhaps not logically—as rules of law that determine the meaning of certain common expressions in shipping contracts. The law acts in a third way—by laying down ...
The ship's articles (shipping articles, more formally the ship's articles of agreement) is the set of documents that constitute the contract between the seafarer and the captain (master) of a vessel.
When determining the salvage award, an arbitrator follows the English law of civil salvage, which is itself subject to the Salvage Convention 1989, a successor to the original 1910 Convention. The value of the ship, its cargo and freight at risk are taken into account when the arbitrator decides what the award should be, together with the ...
In English Law, This principle was established in the case of Spring v NASDS, [16] in the context of a Trade Union membership contract. Clear expression: The term must be capable of clear expression. No specific technical knowledge should be required. Consistency: The implied term may not contradict an express term.