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  2. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine_nucleoside_phosphor...

    The disorder is caused by a mutation of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) gene, located at chromosome 14q13.1. [3] [4] This mutation was first identified by Eloise Giblett, a professor at the University of Washington, in 1975. [5] PNP is a key enzyme in the purine catabolic [6] pathway, and is required for purine degradation.

  3. File:Ebers-Moll model schematic (PNP).svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebers-Moll_model...

    A schematic diagram of the Ebers-Moll models of a PNP BJT. The base, collector and emitter currents are I B, I C and I E, the common-base forward and reverse current gains are α F and α R, and the collector and emitter diode currents are I CD and I ED. Date: 4 August 2010, 05:26 (UTC) Source: Ebers-Moll_Model_PNP.PNG; Author

  4. Template-switching polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template-switching...

    Template-switching polymerase chain reaction (TS-PCR) is a method of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification that relies on a natural PCR primer sequence at the polyadenylation site, also known as the poly(A) tail, and adds a second primer through the activity of murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase. [1]

  5. Open collector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_collector

    The NPN BJT (n-type bipolar junction transistor) and nMOS (n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) have greater conductance than their PNP and pMOS relatives, so may be more commonly used for these outputs. Open outputs using PNP and pMOS transistors will use the opposite internal voltage rail used by NPN and nMOS transistors.

  6. Insulated-gate bipolar transistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulated-gate_bipolar...

    An IGBT cell is constructed similarly to an n-channel vertical-construction power MOSFET, except the n+ drain is replaced with a p+ collector layer, thus forming a vertical PNP bipolar junction transistor. This additional p+ region creates a cascade connection of a PNP bipolar junction transistor with the surface n-channel MOSFET. The whole ...

  7. Common collector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_collector

    The circuit can be explained by viewing the transistor as being under the control of negative feedback. From this viewpoint, a common-collector stage (Fig. 1) is an amplifier with full series negative feedback. In this configuration (Fig. 2 with β = 1), the entire output voltage V out is placed contrary and in series with the input voltage V in.

  8. Push–pull output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push–pull_output

    A Class B push–pull output driver using a pair of complementary PNP and NPN bipolar junction transistors configured as emitter followers. A push–pull amplifier is a type of electronic circuit that uses a pair of active devices that alternately supply current to, or absorb current from, a connected load. This kind of amplifier can enhance ...

  9. Plug and play - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_and_play

    ISA PnP or (legacy) Plug & Play ISA was a plug-and-play system that used a combination of modifications to hardware, the system BIOS, and operating system software to automatically manage resource allocations.