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Brown-Séquard syndrome (also known as Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia, Brown-Séquard's paralysis, hemiparaplegic syndrome, hemiplegia et hemiparaplegia spinalis, or spinal hemiparaplegia) is caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord, i.e. hemisection of the spinal cord resulting in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilateral) side as the injury or lesion, and loss of ...
The cause of this degeneration is unknown, but likely accounts for some of the signs and symptoms of the disorder, such as the loss of temperature differentiation and pin-prick sensation. The combination of increased pain signaling, and degeneration of pain-transmitting fibers, leads to a variable condition with signs and symptoms that can both ...
Central cord syndrome, almost always resulting from damage to the cervical spinal cord, is characterized by weakness in the arms with relative sparing of the legs, and spared sensation in regions served by the sacral segments. [25] There is loss of sensation of pain, temperature, light touch, and pressure below the level of injury. [26]
The damage may result in loss of feeling, paralysis, weakness, [4] and stiffness in the back, shoulders, and extremities. Syringomyelia may also cause a loss of the ability to feel extremes of hot or cold, especially in the hands. It may also lead to a cape-like bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation along the upper chest and arms.
Dejerine–Sottas disease is characterized by moderate to severe lower and upper extremity weakness and loss of sensation, mainly in the lower legs, forearms, feet, and hands. Loss of muscle mass and reduced muscle tone usually occur as the disease progresses. Other symptoms may include pain in the extremities, curvature of the spine, clawed ...
This usually starts with the observation of bulk, possible atrophy or loss of muscle tone. Neuromuscular disease can also be diagnosed by various blood tests and using electrodiagnostic medicine tests [ 23 ] including electromyography [ 24 ] (measuring electrical activity in muscles) and nerve conduction studies . [ 25 ]
The symptom distribution is highly dependent on a patient's neuroanatomy, which may mean that two patients can present differently despite having the same nerve entrapped. [9] [10] The timing/duration of symptoms may be continuous, intermittent, and/or positional. This is dependent on the underlying cause of entrapment and the specific nerves ...
[12] [26] Muscle necrosis can happen fast, sometimes within just 3 hours after an injury. [13] A fasciotomy in the leg's lateral compartment might cause symptoms affecting nearby nerves and muscles. [10] These may include foot drop, numbness along leg, numbness of big toe, pain, and loss of foot eversion. [10]