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The United States maintains the southernmost base, Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, and the largest base and research station in Antarctica, McMurdo Station. The second-southernmost base is the Chinese Kunlun Station at 80°25′2″S during the summer season, and the Russian Vostok Station at 78°27′50″S during the winter season.
The Russkaya Station (Russian: Русская) is a former Soviet and Russian Antarctic research station located on the Ruppert Coast, in Marie Byrd Land in Western Antarctica. The station was proposed in 1973 and approved in 1978. Construction began the next year and it was opened on March 9, 1980 and officially abandoned in 1990.
The Pole of Inaccessibility research station (Russian: Полюс недоступности, Polyus nedostupnosti) is a defunct Soviet research station in Kemp Land, Antarctica, at the southern pole of inaccessibility (the point in Antarctica furthest from any ocean) as defined in 1958 when the station was established. Later definitions give ...
Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica.These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their ...
Vostok Research Station is around 1,301 kilometres (808 mi) from the Geographic South Pole, at the middle of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Vostok is located near the southern pole of inaccessibility and the south geomagnetic pole , making it one of the optimal places to observe changes in the Earth's magnetosphere .
Casey is close to the now-abandoned Wilkes Station, established by the United States of America to support science and exploration of Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1957–1958. Australia took Wilkes over after the IGY, but the American buildings were already unusable due to the build-up of ice around them.
The current base, Halley VI, officially opened in February 2013 after a test winter. [5] It is the world's first fully relocatable terrestrial research station. [6] On 30 July 2014, the station lost its electrical and heating supply during record low temperatures (as low as -55 °C), due to coolant leakage. Plans were made to evacuate some of ...
When Kunlun is not in operation, the year-round Russian Vostok Station is the second-southernmost base in Antarctica. It is located at 4087 m above sea level on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, making it the highest base in Antarctica. [2] It is only 7.3 km southwest of Dome A, the highest point on the Antarctic Plateau. The station was officially ...