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The United States maintains the southernmost base, Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, and the largest base and research station in Antarctica, McMurdo Station. The second-southernmost base is the Chinese Kunlun Station at 80°25′2″S during the summer season, and the Russian Vostok Station at 78°27′50″S during the winter season.
The base was in continuous use until January 29, 1969, when it was closed but mothballed for future use, [3] and was the most remote and coldest of any United States stations on the continent. [4] It was also the site for the world's coldest measured average temperature for a month at that time, recorded in July 1968, at −99.8 °F (−73.2 °C).
In 1944, as part of Operation Tabarin, the British military established a base (Base B) in the remains of Hektor Station. This base, which conducted meteorological and geographical research, was staffed until 1969, when it was destroyed by a volcanic eruption. [2] [3] [4] Today, the site is in a state of disrepair. However, the station's tank ...
The Russkaya Station (Russian: Русская) is a former Soviet and Russian Antarctic research station located on the Ruppert Coast, in Marie Byrd Land in Western Antarctica. The station was proposed in 1973 and approved in 1978. Construction began the next year and it was opened on March 9, 1980 and officially abandoned in 1990.
The current base, Halley VI, officially opened in February 2013 after a test winter. [5] It is the world's first fully relocatable terrestrial research station. [6] On 30 July 2014, the station lost its electrical and heating supply during record low temperatures (as low as -55 °C), due to coolant leakage. Plans were made to evacuate some of ...
Yelcho Base is a Chilean Antarctic research base. It is located on the shore of the South Bay, Doumer Island. [2] The station was built in 1962 by the Chilean Army and was given to the INACH in 1980. It was abandoned between 1998 and 2014, and was reopened in 2015. [3]
A joint Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines operation supported an overland tractor train traverse that left out of Little America V in late 1956 to establish the station. . The train was led by Army Major Merle Dawson and completed a traverse of 646 miles (1,040 km) over unexplored country in Marie Byrd Land to blaze a trail to a spot selected beforeha
Marie Byrd Land (MBL) is an unclaimed region of Antarctica.With an area of 1,610,000 km 2 (620,000 sq mi), it is the largest unclaimed territory on Earth. It was named after the wife of American naval officer Richard E. Byrd, who explored the region in the early 20th century.