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Indigo carmine, or 5,5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt, is an organic salt derived from indigo by aromatic sulfonation, which renders the compound soluble in water. Like indigo, it produces a blue color , and is used in food and other consumables , cosmetics, and as a medical contrast agent and staining agent; it also acts as a pH indicator .
Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about Indigo carmine. PubMed provides review articles from the past five years (limit to free review articles) The TRIP database provides clinical publications about evidence-based medicine. Other potential sources include: Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and CDC
Structure of Tyrian purple Structure of indigo carmine. The benzene rings in indigo can be modified to give a variety of related dyestuffs. Thioindigo, where the two NH groups are replaced by S atoms, is deep red. Tyrian purple is a dull purple dye that is secreted by a common Mediterranean snail. It was highly prized in antiquity.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR), based in Washington, D.C., assesses and reviews the safety of ingredients in cosmetics and publishes the results in peer-reviewed scientific literature. The company was established in 1976 by the Personal Care Products Council (then called the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association), with support of ...
Carmine (/ ˈ k ɑːr m ə n, ˈ k ɑːr m aɪ n /) – also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake – is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid. [2] Specific code names for the pigment include natural red 4, C.I ...
Anthraquinone dyestuffs are structurally related to indigo dyestuffs and are classified together with these in the group of carbonyl dyes. [2] Members of this dye group can be found in natural dyes as well as in synthetic dyes. Anthraquinone dyestuffs are represented in mordant and vat, but also in reactive and disperse dyes.
Indanthrone blue was the first example of the brand "Indanthren" (an acronym for Indigo from anthracene) introduced by BASF in 1901. [9] [10] [11] One result is that even now, in Japan vat dyes are commonly described as thren(e) dyes (スレン染料), derived from the Japanese transliteration of the brand.
It was a primary supplier of indigo dye to Europe as early as the Greco-Roman era. The association of India with indigo is reflected in the Greek word for the dye, which was indikon (ινδικόν). The Romans used the term indicum, which passed into Italian dialect and eventually into English as the word indigo.