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  2. Control-flow integrity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity

    Use a function call with a different number of arguments than the call is designed for, causing a stack misalignment, and code execution after the function returns (patched in Windows 10). [ 27 ] Use a function call with the same number of arguments, but one of pointers passed is treated as an object and writes to a pointer-based offset ...

  3. Transient execution CPU vulnerability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_execution_CPU...

    Transient execution CPU vulnerabilities are vulnerabilities in which instructions, most often optimized using speculative execution, are executed temporarily by a microprocessor, without committing their results due to a misprediction or error, resulting in leaking secret data to an unauthorized party.

  4. NX bit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NX_bit

    In ARMv6, a new page table entry format was introduced; it includes an "execute never" bit. [1] For ARMv8-A, VMSAv8-64 block and page descriptors, and VMSAv8-32 long-descriptor block and page descriptors, for stage 1 translations have "execute never" bits for both privileged and unprivileged modes, and block and page descriptors for stage 2 translations have a single "execute never" bit (two ...

  5. Meltdown (security vulnerability) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltdown_(security...

    Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...

  6. Speculative Store Bypass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass

    Speculative execution exploit Variant 4, [8] is referred to as Speculative Store Bypass (SSB), [1] [9] and has been assigned CVE-2018-3639. [7] SSB is named Variant 4, but it is the fifth variant in the Spectre-Meltdown class of vulnerabilities. [7] Steps involved in exploit: [1] "Slowly" store a value at a memory location

  7. BattlEye - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BattlEye

    BattlEye is a proprietary anti-cheat software designed to detect players that hack or abusively use exploits in an online game.It was initially released as a third-party anti-cheat for Battlefield Vietnam in 2004 and has since been officially implemented in numerous video games, primarily shooter games such as PUBG: Battlegrounds, Arma 3, Destiny 2, War Thunder, and DayZ.

  8. Spectre (security vulnerability) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectre_(security...

    In 2002 and 2003, Yukiyasu Tsunoo and colleagues from NEC showed how to attack MISTY and DES symmetric key ciphers, respectively. In 2005, Daniel Bernstein from the University of Illinois, Chicago reported an extraction of an OpenSSL AES key via a cache timing attack, and Colin Percival had a working attack on the OpenSSL RSA key using the Intel processor's cache.

  9. Executable-space protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable-space_protection

    Executable space protection on Windows is called "Data Execution Prevention" (DEP). Under Windows XP or Server 2003 NX protection was used on critical Windows services exclusively by default. If the x86 processor supported this feature in hardware, then the NX features were turned on automatically in Windows XP/Server 2003 by default.