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Distance education, also known as distance learning, is the education of students who may not always be physically present at school, [1] [2] or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance. [3] Traditionally, this usually involved correspondence courses wherein the student corresponded with the school via mail.
As online education has become the dominant form of distance education, new theories are emerging that combine elements of constructivism and technology. Siemens' Connectivism "is the integration of principles explored by chaos, network, and complexity and self-organization theories".(p. 5 [ 38 ] ) Connectivism places knowledge in "diversity of ...
1892: The term "distance education" was first used in America a University of Wisconsin–Madison catalog for the 1892 school year. [2] 1906–7: The University of Wisconsin–Extension [3] was founded, the first true distance learning institution in America. [4]
Digital pedagogy has its origins in distance learning, which took the form of correspondence courses delivered by mail during the early twentieth century. [2] In 1858 the University of London offered the first distance learning degree, known as the External Programme. [3]
mLearning or M-learning is where education is provided via a mobile phone device. The advantages are that learners can learn while on-the-go. However, the material that can be presented is limited and this format is considered best for short targeted learning. [11] Through the use of mobile technologies, learning while travelling is possible.
Some criticism is now beginning to emerge. Her model does not easily transfer to other contexts (she developed it with experience from an Open University distance learning course). It ignores the variety of learning approaches that are possible within computer-mediated communication (CMC) and the range of learning available theories (Moule 2007).
The distributed learning model can be used in combination with traditional classroom-based courses and traditional distance education courses (in which it is also deferred to as blended learning, or it can be used to create entirely virtual classrooms. [1] [2])
Distance learning is growing. The importance of a physical classroom is being reduced as the technology of distance learning develops (Sanders, 2006). Sanders (2006) present a warning that students may do well in distance learning environments, however they need to have engaging moments within the course.