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  2. Theories of Surplus Value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_Surplus_Value

    In 1949, Shanghai Dushu and Shenghuo Publishing House published a Chinese translation of Theories of Surplus Value by Guo Dali (Kuo Ta-li). [9] An Italian edition of Kautsky's version was published in 1954–1958, titled Storia delle teori economiche. The translator was E. Conti and the English professor Maurice Dobb wrote an introduction ...

  3. Cultural capital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_capital

    Embodied cultural capital comprises the knowledge that is consciously acquired and passively inherited, by socialization to culture and tradition. Unlike property, cultural capital is not transmissible, but is acquired over time, as it is impressed upon the person's habitus (i.e., character and way of thinking), which, in turn, becomes more receptive to similar cultural influences.

  4. Value added - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_added

    In microeconomics, value added may be defined as the market value of aggregate output of a transformation process, minus the market value of aggregate input (or aggregate inputs) of a transformation process. One may describe value added with the help of Ulbo de Sitter's design theory for production synergies. He divides transformation processes ...

  5. Union Public Service Commission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service...

    The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC; ISO: Saṁgha Loka Sevā Āyoga) is a constitutional body tasked with recruiting officers for All India Services and the Central Civil Services (Group A and B) through various standardized examinations. [1] In 2023, 1.3 million applicants competed for just 1,255 positions. [2]

  6. Crony capitalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crony_capitalism

    Entrepreneurship and innovative practices that seek to reward risk are stifled since the value-added is little by crony businesses, [citation needed] as hardly anything of significant value is created by them, [citation needed] with transactions taking the form of trading.

  7. Resource - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource

    Resource competition can vary from completely symmetric (all individuals receive the same amount of resources, irrespective of their size, known also as scramble competition) to perfectly size symmetric (all individuals exploit the same amount of resource per unit biomass) to absolutely size asymmetric (the largest individuals exploit all the available resource).

  8. Paradox of value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_value

    In the paradox of value, it is a contradiction that it is cheaper than diamonds, despite diamonds not having such an importance to life. The paradox of value, also known as the diamond–water paradox, is the paradox that, although water is on the whole more useful in terms of survival than diamonds, diamonds command a higher price in the market.

  9. Value-added taxation in India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value-added_taxation_in_India

    The existing general sales tax laws were replaced with the Value Added Tax Act (2005) and associated VAT rules. A few states ( Gujarat , Tamil Nadu , Rajasthan , Madhya Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh ) opted to stay out of VAT taxation system during the initial introduction of VAT but adopted it later.