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1st-generation ATP tests are derived from hygiene monitoring uses where samples are relatively free of interferences. 2nd-generation tests are specifically designed for water, wastewater and industrial applications where, for the most part, samples contain a variety of components that can interfere with the ATP assay.
Colorimetric assays use reagents that undergo a measurable color change in the presence of the analyte. They are widely used in biochemistry to test for the presence of enzymes, specific compounds, antibodies, hormones and many more analytes. For example, para-Nitrophenylphosphate is converted into a yellow product by alkaline phosphatase enzyme.
Colorimetric analysis is a method of determining the concentration of a chemical element or chemical compound in a solution with the aid of a color reagent.It is applicable to both organic compounds and inorganic compounds and may be used with or without an enzymatic stage.
At least 18 genera of these phytoplankton exhibit luminosity. [34] Luminescent dinoflagellate ecosystems are present in warm water lagoons and bays with narrow openings to the ocean. [ 42 ] A different effect is the thousands of square miles of the ocean which shine with the light produced by bioluminescent bacteria, known as mareel or the ...
The Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent (FCR) or Folin's phenol reagent or Folin–Denis reagent, is a mixture of phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate used for the colorimetric in vitro assay of phenolic and polyphenolic antioxidants, also called the gallic acid equivalence method (GAE). [1] It is named after Otto Folin, Vintilă Ciocâlteu, and Willey ...
TNP-ATP is a fluorescent molecule that is able to determine whether a protein binds to ATP, and the constants associated with that binding.It is primarily used in fluorescence spectroscopy, but is also very useful as an acceptor molecule in FRET, and as a fluorescent probe in fluorescence microscopy and X-ray crystallography.
The Bradford protein assay (also known as the Coomassie protein assay) was developed by Marion M. Bradford in 1976. [1] It is a quick and accurate [2] spectroscopic analytical procedure used to measure the concentration of protein in a solution. The reaction is dependent on the amino acid composition of the measured proteins.
In vitro toxicity testing is the scientific analysis of the toxic effects of chemical substances on cultured bacteria or mammalian cells. [1] In vitro (literally 'in glass') testing methods are employed primarily to identify potentially hazardous chemicals and/or to confirm the lack of certain toxic properties in the early stages of the development of potentially useful new substances such as ...