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The viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis posits that eukaryotes are composed of three ancestral elements: a viral component that became the modern nucleus; a prokaryotic cell (an archaeon according to the eocyte hypothesis) which donated the cytoplasm and cell membrane of modern cells; and another prokaryotic cell (here bacterium) that, by endocytosis, became the modern mitochondrion or chloroplast.
Eukaryogenesis, the process which created the eukaryotic cell and lineage, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The process is widely agreed to have involved symbiogenesis , in which an archeon and a bacterium came together to create the first eukaryotic ...
The viral eukaryogenesis (VE) theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from a combination of a lysogenic virus, an archaean, and a bacterium. This model suggests that the nucleus originated when the lysogenic virus incorporated genetic material from the archaean and the bacterium and took over the role of information storage for the amalgam.
Viral epitranscriptome; Viral eukaryogenesis; Viral evolution; Viral interference; Viral load; Viral load monitoring for HIV; Viral metagenomics; Viral neuronal tracing; Viral pathogenesis; Viral phylodynamics; Viral plaque; Virus inactivation; Viral protein; Viral quasispecies; Viral replication; Viral shedding; Viral strategies for immune ...
Although archaeal viruses are not as well-studied as bacterial phages, it is thought that dsDNA viruses led to the incorporation of the viral genome into archaeal genomes. [37] The transduction of genetic material through a viral vector led to an increase in complexity in the pre-eukaryotic cells. [ 38 ]
Similarly in viral eukaryogenesis, a hypothesis theorizing that eukaryotes evolved from a DNA Virus, ribocytes may have been an ancient host for the DNA virus. [17] As ribocytes used RNA to store their genetic info, [17] viruses may initially have adopted DNA as a way to resist RNA-degrading enzymes in the host ribocells.
Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology that is specifically concerned with the evolution of viruses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses —have relatively high mutation rates (on the order of one point mutation or more per genome per round of replication).
The most controversial model, known as viral eukaryogenesis, posits that the membrane-bound nucleus, along with other eukaryotic features, originated from the infection of a prokaryote by a virus. The suggestion is based on similarities between eukaryotes and viruses such as linear DNA strands, mRNA capping, and tight binding to proteins ...