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  2. Demurrage (currency) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_(currency)

    If the currency in question is run by the government, the demurrage fee can contribute to general tax revenue. In mutual credit systems all positive accounts, or those over a credit threshold, are debited the demurrage fee if there is no trading (purchasing) after a certain period (e.g. a month or year after the last purchase). Typically the ...

  3. Demurrage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage

    Demurrage" / d ɪ ˈ m ʌ r ɪ dʒ / [1] in vessel chartering is the period when the charterer remained in possession of the vessel after the period normally allowed to load and unload cargo . [2] By extension, demurrage refers to the charges that the charterer pays to the ship owner for its delayed operations of loading/unloading. [ 3 ]

  4. Wära - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wära

    Each Wära banknote had a monthly demurrage fee of one percent of its nominal value. This fee could be balanced by the acquisition of demurrage stamps of 1/2, 1, 2, 5, and 10 Wära-cents (1 cent equalled 1 Reichspfennig). On the back of the Wära banknote was a series of printed fields, where the demurrage stamps could be glued onto.

  5. Seigniorage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage

    Seigniorage is the positive return, or carry, on issued notes and coins (money in circulation). Demurrage, the opposite, is the cost of holding currency.. An example of an exchange of gold for "paper" where no seigniorage occurs is when a person has one ounce of gold, trades it for a government-issued gold certificate (providing for redemption in one ounce of gold), keeps that certificate for ...

  6. History of tariffs in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_tariffs_in_the...

    The new U.S. Constitution ratified in 1789, allowed only the federal government to levy uniform tariffs. Only the federal government could set tariff rates (customs), so the old system of separate state rates disappeared. The new law taxed all imports at rates from 5 to 15 percent.

  7. Hague–Visby Rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague–Visby_Rules

    The Hague–Visby Rules is a set of international rules for the international carriage of goods by sea.They are a slightly updated version of the original Hague Rules which were drafted in Brussels in 1924.

  8. CMR Convention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMR_Convention

    Maps of signatories for CMR Convention. The CMR Convention (full title Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road; in French Convention relative au contrat de transport international de marchandises par route) is a United Nations convention that was signed in Geneva on 19 May 1956.

  9. Freigeld - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freigeld

    The demurrage associated with e-gold is arguably expended by the currency operator to help cover real storage costs. Bernard Lietaer 's terra is a commodity basket currency proposal similar to Keynes's bancor or L'Europa (The idea to establish a L'Europa – monnaie de la paix from early concepts presented in an article in the French newspaper ...