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The Italian population may have grown as well: three censuses were ordered by Augustus, in his role as Roman censor, in order to record the number of Roman citizens throughout the empire. The surviving totals were 4,063,000 in 28 BC, 4,233,000 in 8 BC, and 4,937,000 in AD 14, but it is still debated whether these counted all citizens, all adult ...
The history of Rome includes the ... the population of Rome fell ... and by the beginning of the 1st century AD practically all free inhabitants of Italy were Roman ...
Life expectancy at birth in the Roman Empire is estimated at about 22–33 years. [8] [notes 1] For the two-thirds to three-quarters of the population surviving the first year of life, [9] life expectancy at age 1 is estimated at around 34–41 remaining years (i.e. expected to live to age 35–42), while for the 55–65% surviving to age 5, life expectancy was around 40–45. [10]
Little is certain about the history of the Roman Kingdom, ... The Black Death in 1348 killed perhaps one-third of Italy's population. [84] The Lombard Kingdom in 740, ...
Outside Italy, slaves were on average an estimated 10 to 20% of the population, sparse in Roman Egypt but more concentrated in some Greek areas. Expanding Roman ownership of arable land and industries affected preexisting practices of slavery in the provinces. [ 132 ]
The history of Italy goes back to numerous Italic peoples, notably including the ancient Romans, who conquered the Mediterranean world during the Roman Republic and ruled it for centuries during the Roman Empire. [16] With the spread of Christianity, Rome became the seat of the Catholic Church and the Papacy.
These examined individuals were distinguished from preceding populations of Italy by the presence of ca. 25-35% steppe ancestry. [42] Overall, the genetic differentiation between the Latins, Etruscans and the preceding proto-villanovan population of Italy was found to be insignificant. [43]
The Metropolitan City of Rome, with a population of 4,355,725 residents, is the most populous metropolitan city in Italy. [3] Its metropolitan area is the third-most populous within Italy. [5] Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio , along the shores of the Tiber Valley.