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The Bible was translated into Arabic from a variety of source languages. These include Coptic, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and Syriac. [1] Judeo-Arabic translations can also exhibit influence of the Aramaic Targums. Especially in the 19th century, Arabic Bible translations start to express regional colloquial dialects. The different communities that ...
The Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh (Hebrew: תנ"ך ), consists of 24 books. [ a ] "Hebrew" in " Hebrew Bible " may refer to either the Hebrew language or to the Hebrew people who historically used Hebrew as a spoken language, and have continuously used the language in prayer and study, or both.
In Judaism and Christianity, the concept is the manifestation of God rather than a remote immanence or delegation of an angel, even though a mortal would not be able to gaze directly upon him. [4] In Jewish mysticism , it is traditionally believed that even the angels who attend him cannot endure seeing the divine countenance directly. [ 5 ]
The Christian Bible is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament was written over a period of two millennia prior to the birth of Christ. The New Testament was written in the decades following the death of Christ. Historically, Christians universally believed that the entire Bible was the divinely inspired Word of God.
Old Testament al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd (اَلْعَهْد اَلْجَدِيد) New Testament Allāh (الله) literally "God"; is also used as a religious term by Arab Muslims and Arab Jews (Jews who speak Arabic use it mostly within their daily discussions, but not within their religious services, which are said in Hebrew).
It is preserved in Arabic and Latin translations; only fragments are preserved in Greek. [2] Another translation – this time of the entire New Testament – was made around 180 (or not much earlier). It is quoted by Ephrem the Syrian. It is called the Old Syriac translation, and was made from an old Greek text-type representing the Western ...
[Note 1] The names of God used most often in the Hebrew Bible are the Tetragrammaton (Hebrew: יהוה, romanized: YHWH) and Elohim. [4] [5] Jews traditionally do not pronounce it, and instead refer to God as HaShem, literally "the Name". In prayer, the Tetragrammaton is substituted with the pronunciation Adonai, meaning "My Lord". [27]
The main sources of Classical Hebrew are the Hebrew Bible and inscriptions such as the Gezer calendar and Khirbet Qeiyafa pottery shard. All of the other Canaanite languages seem to have become extinct by the early first millennium AD except Punic , which survived into late antiquity (or possibly even longer).