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Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or brain diseases, [1] but it can also be temporarily caused by the use of various sedative and hypnotic drugs. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that is caused. [2] There are two main types of amnesia:
Researchers have investigated the relationship between posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the development of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD). 282 outpatients, who were an average of 53 days post-TBI in their recovery, were divided into four groups: PTA ...
In the case of drug-induced amnesia, it may be short-lived and patients can recover from it. In another case, which has been studied extensively since the early 1970s, patients often have permanent damage, although some recovery is possible, depending on the nature of the pathophysiology. Usually, some capacity for learning remains, although it ...
Brain plasticity has helped explain the recovery process of brain damage induced retrograde amnesia, where neuro-structures use different neural pathways to avoid the damaged areas while still performing their tasks. [42] Thus, the brain can learn to be independent of the impaired hippocampus, but only to a certain extent. [13]
Amnesia is often caused by an injury to the brain, for instance after a blow to the head, and sometimes by psychological trauma. Anterograde amnesia is a failure to remember new experiences that occur after damage to the brain; retrograde amnesia is the loss of memories of events that occurred before a trauma or injury.
If no motive for the amnesia was immediately apparent, deeper motives were usually sought by questioning the patient more intensely, often in conjunction with hypnosis and 'truth' drugs. [24] In many cases, however, patients were found to spontaneously recover from their amnesia on their own accord so no treatment was required. [14] [24]
Recovery set them free – and put them on the road to helping others with their hard-won wisdom. Peer counseling is frequently part of the journey of addiction recovery. Studies show its benefits ...
People with prior history of a stroke, even though there is complete functional recovery, are more likely to develop POCD. [9] [11] More likely in the elderly with pre-existing declining mental functions, termed mild cognitive impairment (MCI). [13]
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