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In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system , one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.
A logical qubit specifies how a single qubit should behave in a quantum algorithm, subject to quantum logic operations which can be built out of quantum logic gates. However, issues in current technologies preclude single two-state quantum systems , which can be used as physical qubits, from reliably encoding and retaining this information for ...
Electrons-on-helium quantum computer (qubit is the electron spin) Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) (qubit provided by the internal state of trapped atoms coupled to high-finesse cavities) Molecular magnet [16] (qubit given by spin states) Fullerene-based ESR quantum computer (qubit based on the electronic spin of atoms or molecules encased ...
Qubits can represent both values at the same time (known as superposition), which means a quantum computer can theoretically test the two simultaneously. Add more qubits and this hard-to-believe ...
In quantum computers, a qubit is the analog of the classical information bit and qubits can be superposed. [ 11 ] : 13 Unlike classical bits, a superposition of qubits represents information about two states in parallel.
Any quantum computation (which is, in the above formalism, any unitary matrix of size over qubits) can be represented as a network of quantum logic gates from a fairly small family of gates. A choice of gate family that enables this construction is known as a universal gate set , since a computer that can run such circuits is a universal ...
Arbitrary single-qubit phase shift gates () are natively available for transmon quantum processors through timing of microwave control pulses. [13] It can be explained in terms of change of frame. [14] [15] As with any single qubit gate one can build a controlled version of the phase shift gate.
The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable quantum computation is known as DiVincenzo's criteria. Circuits are written such that the horizontal axis is time, starting at the left hand side and ending at the right. Horizontal lines are qubits, doubled lines represent classical bits. The items ...