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Aggressive acts can take any possible combination of these three dichotomies. For example, failing to deny false rumors about a coworker would be classified as verbal–passive–indirect. Purposely avoiding the presence of a coworker you know is searching for your assistance could be considered physical–passive–direct.
Due to the great deal of time co-workers spend together, friendships start to emerge through their shared experiences, and their desire for a built-in support system. [ 3 ] Blended friendships are friendships that develop in the workplace and can have a positive impact on an employee's productivity. [ 4 ]
Workplace bullying is a persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes either physical or emotional harm. It includes verbal, nonverbal, psychological, and physical abuse, as well as humiliation.
In an occupational setting, dealing with workload can be stressful and serve as a stressor for employees. There are three aspects of workload that can be stressful. Quantitative workload or overload: Having more work to do than can be accomplished comfortably, like stress related with deadline or unrealistic target.
Passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a pattern of passive hostility and an avoidance of direct communication. [1] [2] Inaction where some action is socially customary is a typical passive-aggressive strategy (showing up late for functions, staying silent when a response is expected). [2]
Toxic workplaces are created by the actions of toxic employers or employees; that is, individuals who are motivated by personal gain, whether driven by power, money, fame, or special status, utilize unethical means or behaviors to psychologically manipulate, belittle, or frustrate those around them, or divert attention away from their personal inadequate performance or misdeeds.
Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is employee's behavior that goes against the legitimate interests of an organization. [1] This behavior can harm the organization, other people within it, and other people and organizations outside it, including employers, other employees, suppliers, clients, patients and citizens.
Emotional labor is the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job. [1] [2] More specifically, workers are expected to regulate their personas during interactions with customers, co-workers, clients, and managers.